HT45F4M datasheet(122/138 Pages) HOLTEK

122 / 138 page

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HT45F4M

Lithium Battery Backup Power ASSP MCU

HT45F4M

Lithium Battery Backup Power ASSP MCU

Logical and Rotate Operations

ThestandardlogicaloperationssuchasAND,OR,XORandCPLallhavetheirowninstruction

withintheHoltekmicrocontrollerinstructionset.Aswiththecaseofmostinstructionsinvolving

datamanipulation,datamustpassthroughtheAccumulatorwhichmayinvolveadditional

programmingsteps.Inalllogicaldataoperations,thezeroflagmaybesetiftheresultofthe

operationiszero.Anotherformoflogicaldatamanipulationcomesfromtherotateinstructionssuch

asRR,RL,RRCandRLCwhichprovideasimplemeansofrotatingonebitrightorleft.Different

rotateinstructionsexistdependingonprogramrequirements.Rotateinstructionsareusefulforserial

portprogrammingapplicationswheredatacanberotatedfromaninternalregisterintotheCarry

bitfromwhereitcanbeexaminedandthenecessaryserialbitsethighorlow.Anotherapplication

whererotatedataoperationsareusedistoimplementmultiplicationanddivisioncalculations.

Branches and Control Transfer

ProgrambranchingtakestheformofeitherjumpstospecifiedlocationsusingtheJMPinstructionor

toasubroutineusingtheCALLinstruction.Theydifferinthesensethatinthecaseofasubroutine

call,theprogrammustreturntotheinstructionimmediatelywhenthesubroutinehasbeencarried

out.ThisisdonebyplacingareturninstructionRETinthesubroutinewhichwillcausetheprogram

tojumpbacktotheaddressrightaftertheCALLinstruction.InthecaseofaJMPinstruction,the

programsimplyjumpstothedesiredlocation.Thereisnorequirementtojumpbacktotheoriginal

jumpingoffpointasinthecaseoftheCALLinstruction.Onespecialandextremelyusefulset

ofbranchinstructionsaretheconditionalbranches.Hereadecisionisfirstmaderegardingthe

conditionofacertaindatamemoryorindividualbits.Dependingupontheconditions,theprogram

willcontinuewiththenextinstructionorskipoveritandjumptothefollowinginstruction.These

instructionsarethekeytodecisionmakingandbranchingwithintheprogramperhapsdetermined

bytheconditionofcertaininputswitchesorbytheconditionofinternaldatabits.

Bit Operations

TheabilitytoprovidesinglebitoperationsonDataMemoryisanextremelyflexiblefeatureofall

Holtekmicrocontrollers.Thisfeatureisespeciallyusefulforoutputportbitprogrammingwhere

individualbitsorportpinscanbedirectlysethighorlowusingeitherthe″SET[m].i″or″CLR[m].i″

instructionsrespectively.Thefeatureremovestheneedforprogrammerstofirstreadthe8-bitoutput

port,manipulatetheinputdatatoensurethatotherbitsarenotchangedandthenoutputtheportwith

thecorrectnewdata.Thisread-modify-writeprocessistakencareofautomaticallywhenthesebit

operationinstructionsareused.

Table Read Operations

Datastorageisnormallyimplementedbyusingregisters.However,whenworkingwithlarge

amountsoffixeddata,thevolumeinvolvedoftenmakesitinconvenienttostorethefixeddatain

theDataMemory.Toovercomethisproblem,HoltekmicrocontrollersallowanareaofProgram

Memorytobesetupasatablewheredatacanbedirectlystored.Asetofeasytouseinstructions

providesthemeansbywhichthisfixeddatacanbereferencedandretrievedfromtheProgram

Memory.

Other Operations

Inadditiontotheabovefunctionalinstructions,arangeofotherinstructionsalsoexistsuchas

the″HALT″instructionforPower-downoperationsandinstructionstocontroltheoperationof

theWatchdogTimerforreliableprogramoperationsunderextremeelectricorelectromagnetic

environments.Fortheirrelevantoperations,refertothefunctionalrelatedsections.

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