HT82K94A datasheet(6/43 Pages) HOLTEK

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Functional Description

HT82K94E/HT82K94A

Rev. 1.50

October 11, 2007

Execution Flow

The system clock for the microcontroller is derived from

a crystal (6 or 12MHz). The system clock is internally di-

vided into four non-overlapping clocks. One instruction

cycle consists of four system clock cycles.

Instruction fetching and execution are pipelined in such

a way that a fetch takes an instruction cycle while de-

coding and execution takes the next instruction cycle.

However, the pipelining scheme allows each instruction

to be effectively executed in a cycle. If an instruction

changes the program counter, two cycles are required to

complete the instruction.

Program Counter

- PC

The program counter (PC) controls the sequence in

which the instructions stored in the program ROM are

executed and its contents specify a full range of pro-

gram memory.

After accessing a program memory word to fetch an in-

struction code, the contents of the program counter are

incremented by one. The program counter then points to

the memory word containing the next instruction code.

When executing a jump instruction, conditional skip ex-

ecution, loading PCL register, subroutine call or return

from subroutine, initial reset, internal interrupt, USB in-

terrupt or return from interrupts, the PC manipulates the

program transfer by loading the address corresponding

to each instruction.

The conditional skip is activated by instructions. Once

the condition is met, the next instruction, fetched during

the current instruction execution, is discarded and a

dummy cycle replaces it to get the proper instruction.

Otherwise proceed to the next instruction.

The lower byte of the program counter (PCL) is a read-

able and writeable register (06H). Moving data into the

PCL performs a short jump. The destination will be

within the current program ROM page.

When a control transfer takes place, an additional

dummy cycle is required.

T 1

T 2

T 3

T 4

T 1

T 2

T 3

T 4

T 1

T 2

T 3

T 4

F e t c h I N S T ( P C )

E x e c u t e I N S T ( P C - 1 )

F e t c h I N S T ( P C + 1 )

E x e c u t e I N S T ( P C )

F e t c h I N S T ( P C + 2 )

E x e c u t e I N S T ( P C + 1 )

P C

P C + 1

P C + 2

S y s t e m C l o c k

O S C 2 ( R C o n l y )

P C

Execution Flow

Mode

Program Counter

*12

*11

*10

Initial Reset

0000000000000

USB Interrupt

0000000000100

Timer/Event Counter 0 Overflow

0000000001000

Timer/Event Counter 1 Overflow

0000000001100

Skip

Program Counter+2

Loading PCL

*12

*11

*10

Jump, Call Branch

#12

#11

#10

Return from Subroutine

S12

S11

S10

Program Counter

Note: *12~*0: Program counter bits

S12~S0: Stack register bits

#12~#0: Instruction code bits

@7~@0: PCL bits

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