LM324 datasheet(9/20 Pages) SYC

9 / 20 page

Application Hints (Continued)

The bias network of the LM124 establishes a drain current

which is independent of the magnitude of the power supply

voltage over the range of from 3 V

DC to 30 VDC.

Output short circuits either to ground or to the positive power

supply should be of short time duration. Units can be de-

stroyed, not as a result of the short circuit current causing

metal fusing, but rather due to the large increase in IC chip

dissipation which will cause eventual failure due to exces-

sive junction temperatures. Putting direct short-circuits on

more than one amplifier at a time will increase the total IC

power dissipation to destructive levels, if not properly pro-

tected with external dissipation limiting resistors in series

with the output leads of the amplifiers. The larger value of

output source current which is available at 25˚C provides a

larger output current capability at elevated temperatures

(see typical performance characteristics) than a standard IC

op amp.

The circuits presented in the section on typical applications

emphasize operation on only a single power supply voltage.

If complementary power supplies are available, all of the

standard op amp circuits can be used. In general, introduc-

ing a pseudo-ground (a bias voltage reference of V

+/2) will

allow operation above and below this value in single power

supply systems. Many application circuits are shown which

take advantage of the wide input common-mode voltage

range which includes ground. In most cases, input biasing is

not required and input voltages which range to ground can

easily be accommodated.

Typical Single-Supply Applications (V+ = 5.0 V

DC)

Non-Inverting DC Gain (0V Input = 0V Output)

00929905

*R not needed due to temperature independent IIN

DC Summing Amplifier

IN’S

≥ 0V

DC and VO

≥ V

DC)

Power Amplifier

00929906

Where: V0 =V1 +V2 −V3 −V4

(V1 +V2) ≥ (V3 +V4) to keep VO > 0VDC

00929907

V0 =0VDC for VIN =0VDC

AV =10

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