The **MDL-110-R** is a high-performance, ultra-compact laser distance sensor module (LiDAR) developed by **EAI (Envision Technology)**. It is part of the MDL series designed for precision ranging and spatial sensing in robotics and industrial automation. --- ## 1. Core Technical Specifications The electronic architecture of the MDL-110-R focuses on low power consumption and high sampling frequency. | Feature | Specification | | :--- | :--- | | **Technology** | Time-of-Flight (ToF) | | **Range** | 0.1m to 10m (Standard) | | **Sampling Frequency** | Up to 1000Hz (1kHz) | | **Accuracy** | ±2cm to ±5cm (depending on distance) | | **Communication Interface** | UART (TTL 3.3V) | | **Operating Voltage** | 5V DC ±10% | | **Current Consumption** | ~80mA | | **Wavelength** | 850nm (Infrared) | --- ## 2. Key Electronic Components ### A. Optical Transmitter and Receiver * **Laser Diode:** Uses an 850nm Class I eye-safe infrared laser. It emits short light pulses to be reflected by the target object. * **SPAD/APD Sensor:** The receiver contains a sensitive photodiode (often a Single-Photon Avalanche Diode) that detects the returning photons with nanosecond precision. ### B. Signal Processing Unit (SoC) * **High-Speed TDC (Time-to-Digital Converter):** The "brain" of the module that calculates the time interval between the pulse emission and the reflection reception. * **Microcontroller:** An onboard MCU processes the raw time data, filters noise (ambient light suppression), and formats the distance data into a serial packet for the user. ### C. Interface and Protection * **Pinout Definition:** The module typically uses a 4-pin or 6-pin connector: 1. **VCC:** Power supply (5V). 2. **GND:** Ground. 3. **TX:** Transmit Data (Serial output to Host). 4. **RX:** Receive Data (Control commands from Host). * **Voltage Regulation:** Onboard LDOs (Low-Dropout Regulators) convert the 5V input to the 3.3V required by the internal logic. --- ## 3. Communication Protocol The MDL-110-R communicates via **UART**. The standard configuration is usually: * **Baud Rate:** 115,200 bps * **Data Bits:** 8 * **Stop Bit:** 1 * **Parity:** None ### Sample Data Packet Structure The module outputs a data stream that usually includes a frame header, distance value (in mm), signal strength (confidence), and a checksum. ```c // Example Logical Data Format (Simplified) [Header (0x55 0xAA)] [Distance_High] [Distance_Low] [Strength_High] [Strength_Low] [Checksum] ``` --- ## 4. Operational Characteristics * **Ambient Light Immunity:** The electronic filters are designed to work in indoor environments and limited outdoor lighting (up to 30k-50k lux). * **FOV (Field of View):** The electronic beam divergence is small (typically < 3°), allowing for "point" sensing rather than area sensing. ---